Saturday, February 22, 2020

Financial Aspect within any Organisation Research Paper

Financial Aspect within any Organisation - Research Paper Example Financial aspect within any organization is considered to be an internal review and the financial managers are the ones responsible for financial planning in such a way that it is embedded within the entire strategic plan to give favorable results for the organization both in the long-run and the short-run. Financial managers are supposed to manage a firm’s resources so that it can meet its goal and objectives. The major aim of a financial manager is to examine the financial data of any given organization and to give the recommendation to the top management regarding strategies that would improve the financial performance of a company. The different role of a financial manager includes capital budgeting decisions, capital structure decisions, providing tactical advice over merger and acquisitions, dividend policy decision and all other investment decisions that may involve portfolio management as well. All these different roles and functions merge together to form the basis of any strategic plan and these financial matters help in understanding the growth that a company will make with reference to its profitability and long term growth. Sales Forecast Forecasting is usually used by companies to estimate future results. Although these estimates are not 100% accurate, they usually give an insight into many issues such as an idea about the future drawn by using different assumption and techniques. Sales forecasting is one such technique whereby any company predicts the volume and the number of sales that may be achieved by different sales staff through different regions in which the company operates. There are three different approaches that are adopted in sales forecasting. These are: Top-down Sales Forecasting; it is a technique whereby the sales figure are planned by the top level management and these figures are forwarded to lower level management in form of sales quotas/limits/targets which the lower level management should attain Bottom-up Sales Forec asting; is an approach whereby these sales figure are put in by the employees responsible for the sale. The sales team forecast a target which they think they can sell and after this target forms the basis for the entire company’s revenue plan. Hybrid Sales Forecasting; is an approach whereby both the top-down and the bottom-up approach is used. The top management derives the sales figure at the corporate level whilst the sales staffs derive it at the operational level. Both these figures are compared together and any discrepancies between the two are henceforth amended. The benefit of using this hybrid approach is that it tends to eliminate any discrepancy or a biased judgment of sales and both the top and the bottom level management work together for the success of the organization. The hybrid approach produces variability and it also creates participation from the lower level management which as a result increases motivation. The disadvantage of this technique is that it c onsumes too much time of both the top and the bottom level management (Kahn, 1998).

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Electric circuits and devices prototyping Lab Report

Electric circuits and devices prototyping - Lab Report Example [3] A BJT is a current controlled device and has three terminals i.e. base, collector and emitter. The base determines the current in the emitter and the collector output. Actually BJT is a piece of silicon with three regions that have two junctions namely n and p. [3] An NPN transistor and the PNP transistor are examples of the two types of BJTs. The charge carriers in these two types of BJTs differ i.e. a PNP has electrons as its primary carrier, while NPN has holes as their primary carriers. NPN and PNP transistors practically have identical operation principles with the only difference being in biasing and in the polarity of the power supply for each type. [2] Typically, BJT has four distinct regions of operations; these are the forward active, reverse active, saturation and cutoff. Therefore, a BJT can operate in different modes depending on the junction bias. For instance, when base-emitter junction is forward biased and the base-collector junction is reversed biased, then the device is in the forward active region mode of operation. [3] The device is in reverse active region of operation when the base-collector junction is forward biased while base-emitter junction is reversed biased. The saturation mode occurs when there are forward bias potentials in both base-emitter and base-collector junctions. However, when both junctions are reverse biased then the device is in cutoff region of operation. [2] Since a BJT is three terminal device, it can be connected in three possible ways with one terminal being common for both input and output. These three configurations include common base, common collector and common emitter configurations. The common base configuration has high voltage gain with no current gain while the common emitter has gain for both current and voltage. The common emitter configuration has a current gain with no voltage gain. [3] This is a voltage-controlled device and has