First Tuesday Book Club Essay Example for Free

First Tuesday Book Club Essay The Book Thief by Markus Zusak ranks number two on a list of â€Å"Ten Aussie Books to Read Before You Die† voted for by viewers of the ABC’s First Tuesday Book Club. Discuss the Significant Features of the novel that have contributed to its success, analysing and evaluating their contribution. The novel, â€Å"The Book Thief† by Markus Zusak was first published in 2005. The story is set in Germany, 1939, the time of World War Two. Many significant characters are revealed though out the novel such as Death, Hans Hubermann, and Liesel Meminger. These characters are memorable as well as lovable, but also bring out the idea’s and style of the Novel. Death is one of the major characters in The Book Thief as not only does he give the book a certain style but also the book is set from his perspective. â€Å"It’s the story of one of those perpetual survivors.† (Markus 2005, p.6) Death is shown as impatient and spills in the beginning the main events in the book such as the bombing raid the takes place, the death of the American fighter pilot as well as the fate of important characters. Death even notices it and apologises. By him being exposed as impatient, Zusak has been able to use the literary style of foreshadowing. Markus Zusak mentions in one of his interviews, â€Å"I deliberately made Death let the plot out of the bag. It lends to the idea of his knowingness, and that he is not human. He does not function exactly how a human would in his story-telling There was also the idea that knowing what would happen in advance might soften the blow, and its also a challenge to myself.† (Little Willow 2006) Death uses colours to not only describe certain moments, but also the colour of the sky when people are dying. There are three moments in the book where Death comes across Liesel and he uses three colours to describe these moments, when her brother died it was white, â€Å"It felt as though the whole globe was dressed in snow.† (Markus 2005, p.7) When the American fighter pilot died it was black, â€Å"It was the darkest moment before the dawn.†(Markus 2005, p.10) There was the last time when he encountered Liesel, when the sky was red, â€Å"The sky was like soup boiling and stirring. In some places it was burnt.†(Markus 2005, p.13) the use of colours creates a style which sets the mood. Whether the mood should be silent, soft and still, or it should make you angry. Death isn’t given a gender in the the novel and although he has feelings, it gives the idea as well as shows he is not human. There are other ways that Death shows he is not human. He clearly states â€Å"I am haunted by humans† which separates him from humanity. â€Å"To prove to me that you, and your human existence, are worth it.† (Markus 2005, p.16) Death acknowledges the idea of whether humans are worth it. Throughout the Book Thief it is noticed that there are many characters that truely are worthy such as Hans and clearly Liesel. Death illustrates that through all the ugliness that is happening at that time, even though the story is set at the time of the Holocaust as well as World War Two, that there is beauty that shines. It makes a difference. â€Å" He had the ability to appear in the background He was always just there. Not noticeable There was most definitely a value in him† (Markus 2005, p.34) Hans wasn’t a main character within The Book Thief, but was an important character. He creates the love and joy within The Book Thief. â€Å"I nearly wrote you a reply and signed your mother’s name I couldn’t. I couldn’t bring myself.† Hans is a caring, and gentle. This stands out as the book thief has many sad moments by him being caring and gentle it gives you another view of what life was like in World War two as Hans is an average German man, but he disagrees with what is currently happening in Germany. â€Å"When he looks at me and smiles and breathes, I hear notes.† Hans’s accordion was not only a symbol of his kindness, but also is a part of him. Markus Zusak has carefully placed this in the book by writing about Rosa clinging to it at night when Hans works for the military and Liesel mentioning that she sometimes imagines Hans as an accordion when he plays. Liesel is the main character who still finds happiness out of an awful situation. â€Å"The words. Why did they have to exist? Without them, there wouldn’t be any of this. Without words, the Fuhrer was nothing. There would be no limping prisoners, no need for consolation or worldly tricks to make us feel better.† (Markus 2005, p.521) Although at age 9 Liesel is illiterate she soon learns the power that words have to heal and save such as Liesel reading books to Frau Holtzapel to heal the pain she felt. â€Å"It’s the story of one of those perpetual survivors- an expert at being left behind.†(Markus 2005, p.6) Liesel is seen as a â€Å"perpetual survivor† because despite many people dying and all the suffering she manages to still have pure happiness. The style and ideas are shown through the characters and the book is unusual in so many ways as it tackles ideas most don’t want to think about such as the ugliness and beauty of humans and whether some deserve to live. It also shows the power humans have through words and what we believe in. It looks at a different perspective of death so instead of humans being afraid of death, Death is afraid of humans. It’s a sad, depressing story where many good characters die, but it shows lightness. Good people who stand out even if not important. The novel is beautifully written as it flows like a poem with such power. These are the significant features that have contributed to its success. Zusak, M 2005, The Book Thief, PanMacillan, Sydney. Little Willow 2006, ‘Interview: Markus Zusak’, Blog post, interview, 4 June, accessed 22 May 2013, .

An Investigation Into The Rate of Reaction of The Catalase Enzyme :: Papers

An Investigation Into The Rate of Reaction of The Catalase Enzyme Introduction: In this experiment I will attempt to investigate the factors that effect the rate of reaction of the catalyse enzyme. Catalyse is an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver. It is used for removing hydrogen peroxide because of the shape of the hydrogen peroxide molecule; this type of reaction is when a molecule Is broken down into smaller pieces called catabolic reaction. Enzymes are proteins e.g. catalyse. They are made in cells. A catalyst is something that speeds up a reaction. One molecule can usually be used many times. All enzymes work at different pHs because they have different jobs to do but you cant use a ph which isn't suitable for that particular enzyme which you are using, other wise the enzyme will de nature. Enzymes also react with tempreture but like the ph the temperature cant be unsuitable to the enzyme other wise it will de nature or slow down the enzymes which would make it very difficult to obtain accurate and reliable results. A carbohydrase enzyme is different to a catalyse enzyme and other enzymes because enzymes have different patterns (shape). Enzymes are like keys to different substrates like e.g. fat, sugar and the substrates are like keyholes. Mass of potato Volume Of Oxygen Average 1g 1.8ml 1.8ml 1.6ml 2ml 2g 2.6ml 1.10ml 2.5ml 2ml 3g 4.2ml 3.6ml 3.8ml 4ml 4g 4.9ml 4.9ml 4.9ml 5ml 5g 5.5ml 5.1ml 5.6ml 5ml 6g 5.7ml 6ml 6ml 6ml As you see from the preliminary results there where a lot of problems along the way but this is only to help me set out the proper results

Nursing as a Profession Essay

The question of whether the practice of nursing is considered a profession or an occupation is an ongoing debate, much like the ongoing debate over what defines a profession. Several scholars have outlined criteria for considering an occupation to be a profession. Given a list of scholars and their criteria for what characteristics define a profession, I have chosen the list formulated by Lucie Kelly, RN, PhD, FAAN. Although the scholars’ works seem to share similar criteria and any could be selected for comparison, I have chosen Kelly’s criteria based on her background in the nursing profession. In addition to being a nurse, Dr. Kelly is a writer and a teacher. She compiled a list of eight characteristics of a profession in 1981 (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). Though they were written over 30 years ago, Kelly’s criteria are still relevant to modern nursing practice. According to Kelly’s first criterion, a profession should provide a service to humanity and to society as a whole (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). I believe that there is no sustainable argument against the fact that this is exactly what nurses do. Nurses provide a service by caring for individuals in our society who are ill or injured, and they educate and promote wellness in their communities. I believe that the nursing establishment certainly meets and possibly defines the requirements for this particular standard. I believe nursing also meets the second standard, which states that a profession should possess a special body of knowledge that is constantly advanced through research (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). Nursing is based on science, but what sets the profession apart is the focus on the individual as a unique being and their response to health problems. Nursing is constantly being refined through evidence-based practice. â€Å"Nursing is no longer based on trial and error but increasingly relies on theory  development and research as a basis for practice† (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). The third characteristic of a profession, according to Kelly, is that the service involves intellectual activities and that accountability is an important feature of those activities (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). I believe nursing also meets these requirements through the nursing process. In order to provide care for an individual, a nurse must assess the problem, decide on an approach (or plan of care), and implement that plan. The nurse has to be able to evaluate the outcome of those actions and adjust the plan accordingly. Autonomy is an important part of this individual responsibility. Nurses are held accountable for their individual actions by their employers, patients, and the public. Registered nurses today are required to meet strict educational standards before applying for licensure. Kelly’s fourth criterion requires practitioners to be educated in institutes of higher learning (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). Associate or baccalaureate degrees are the most common education levels for registered nurses. Some diploma programs are still being run in hospitals, but their numbers are steadily declining (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 149). Graduate degree programs focused on education, research, and advanced practice provide opportunities for nurses to progress in their careers. The fifth characteristic of a profession is the one that I think is most debated. It states that practitioners are relatively independent and regulate their own policies (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). Nursing is autonomous and self-governing. Over time, nursing has established its own values, ethics, and protocol. However, many would argue the actual performance of nursing itself still falls under the direction and control of physicians and administrators. Nursing is classically regulated in the facility in which the nurse works by their institutional policies. Also, many people feel that because a nurse must have orders from a physician, they lack autonomy (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). This debate about autonomy ties in with the discussion on the third criterion. Nurses provide  nursing care autonomously; they do not practice medicine. For the sixth of Kelly’s eight characteristics, the statement made is that practitioners are motivated by service and consider their work an important component of their lives (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). Nursing easily meets this criterion. I believe the majority of nurses, if asked why they chose nursing, would immediately respond that they want to help others or to make a difference. I believe most nurses derive their greatest satisfaction from nursing when they know they have done a good job, helped someone in need, or simply lightened the load that burdens a patient. Nursing is one of the purest forms of altruism as I understand it. The importance of their profession in their lives is apparent; simply ask a nurse what they do. The seventh and eighth characteristics can be addressed together. The seventh characteristic is that a code of ethics exists, and the eighth is that there is an organization that supports this code (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 66). There are a number of professional organizations to which nurses belong. The ANA, or American Nurses Association, is the foremost nursing organization in the United States. The ANA sets policies, has established the most widely recognized code of ethics, and lobbies to promote the recognition of the field of nursing (â€Å"NursingWorld†, 2012). All licensed nurses are regulated by their state board. Each state sets standards for scope of practice. According to Kelly’s eight characteristics, the field of nursing certainly meets the criteria of a profession with little room for debate. Over the last century, nursing has evolved from a task-oriented occupation to an intellectual profession through research, education, and organization. There are some barriers to complete acceptance of nursing as a profession. Nurses have a responsibility to themselves to advance their profession both internally and in the eyes of the public. I consider nursing to be a profession, and will continue to practice as a professional nurse to the best of my ability. References Chitty, K., & Black, B. (2011). Professional nursing: Concepts & challenges. (6th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders Elsevier. NursingWorld. (2012). Retrieved September 26, 2012 from American Nurses Association website: http://www.nursingworld.org/

What Causes PHP Code to Show Up as Text

Youve written your first PHP program, but when you go to run  it, all you see in your browser is the code—the program doesnt actually run. When this happens, the most common cause is that you are trying to run PHP somewhere that doesnt support PHP. Running PHP on a Web Server If you are running PHP on a web server, make sure you have a host that is set up to run PHP. Although most web servers support PHP nowadays, if you arent sure, a quick test can give you the answer. In any text editor, create a new file and type:   phpinfo() ; ? Save the file as test.php  and upload it to the root folder of your server. (Windows users make sure to display all file extensions.) Open a browser on your computer and enter the URL of your file in the format: http://nameofyourserver/test.php Click Enter. If the web server supports PHP, you should see a screen filled with information and a PHP logo at the top. If you dont see it, your server doesnt have PHP or PHP is not started properly. Email the web server to ask about your options. Running PHP on a Windows Computer If you are running your PHP script on a Windows computer, you need to manually install PHP. If you havent already done so, your PHP code wont execute. Instructions for the installation process,  versions and the system requirements are listed at the PHP website. After it is installed, your browser should run your PHP programs directly from your computer. Running PHP on a Mac Computer If you are on an Apple, you already have Apache and PHP on your computer. You just need to activate it to get things working.  Activate Apache in the Terminal, which is located in the Utilities folder, by using the following command instructions. Start Apache web sharing:   sudo  apachect1 start Stop Apache web sharing: sudo  apachet1 stop Find the Apache version: httpd  -v In macOS Sierra, the Apache version is Apache 2.4.23. After you start Apache, open a browser and enter: http://localhost This should display It Works! in the browser window. If not, troubleshoot Apache by running its config file in Terminal. apachect1 configtest   The configuration test may give some indications why the PHP isnt executing.